Some really basic pros and cons:
Conventional Theatre Lighting:
Pros:
-- High
CRI (
Tungsten Halogen lamps provide perfect color
rendering of 100
CRI before they are
gel'd), which means truer colors in fabric, paint, and skin tones on
stage.
-- Brightest White capability
-- Beam Shaping (
ERS fixtures)
--
Line Voltage (
plug them into a
dimmer and go!)
-- Low cost (comparitively) per
fixture. Low maintenance costs.
-- Higher output capability than LEDs (currently...)
-- No need for fans (non-moving heads) or additional cooling so they are silent.
Cons:
-- Very hot (both to the touch and heat output)
-- Short life (lamp) compared to LEDs
-- The need for
Gel to color the light.
-- You need multiple fixtures for multiple colors (unless you add a color changer/
Scroller)
-- Very inefficient (Lumens per
watt).
LEDs
Pros:
-- Longest life (10x -50x that of a
tungsten Halogen lamp or Discharge source -- ALTHOUGH, that is deceptive as that is the life of the
LED itself, and not the electronic drive component....) = lower maintenance.
-- Very bright, saturated color. Higher output than you can get with other sources as the filters in
conventional lighting reduce the total light output the more saturated the color is.
--Very energy efficient. In most cases you are saving a lot of energy costs by using
LED fixtures.
-- Very low heat. LEDs generate no heat from the front, and the only heat generated is at the back of the
fixture.
Cons:
-- most require a
driver or
power supply (transformer- often external) as their
power requirements are rarely line-voltage.
-- Fan or active cooling is often required to preserve the life of the
LED and prevent the degradation of the phosphors and electronics. LEDs DO generate heat-- they just
send it out the back, not radiate it from the front.
--Weight. Due to the need to manage the heat and thermal needs, LEDs have large heat sinks, which means they weigh a TON. The greater the output, the heavier the
LED fixture (or more powerful the fans will be) will be do to the heat sinking and fans needed to cool it.
-- Very High Cost. Regular
PARcan = ~$50.
LED "
PAR" = ~$2,000.
-- Difficult to match colors to that of Gels in
conventional fixtures. You can get close in the hue, but the wavelength is not the same. For Concerts or Touring this is not a big deal. For a
stage show in which the Costume Designer is sitting in the front row-- this is a VERY big deal...
-- Bining... ugh. Blue
in one fixture does NOT = Blue in another. Or even
fixture to
fixture in the same model/company sometimes. Depends on the company, the cost, and their
binning tolerances (or correcting software).
Currently
LED fixtures work GREAT for Color Washes (Replacing
R40 or
MR16 Strip lights) for lighting a
Cyclorama.
LEDs cannot yet replace
Ellipsoidal fixtures or replace the beam quality/spread/
CRI/White output of PARCans or Fresnels-- But stay tuned. A lot of great companies have products in the works that will completely disprove this last sentence in the coming months/years.