Something about using the 2gb San card for size comparison on a wrench from the 1800's has left me laughing!
In an age where CNC machinery and CAD technology are as everyday as white bread, it's easy for our generation to think engineers and craftsmen of yesteryear maybe weren't as 'sharp' as we are today. When I see the inner workings of a 17th century flintlock in a magazine (yeah, I get these types of magazines at my home) it reminds me how meticulous the designer as well as the builder must certainly had to have been.
Ironically a lot of this stuff was made far better then stuff is made today.
(Though on the other hand it may be that the only stuff we see from by gone days is the stuff that was made well and everything else just deteriorated.)
I agree, hats of to the creators and makers of past.
The one thing that I question about the wrench is the adjustment knob, the cuts on it look to be something made on a modern lathe, although my knowlage of older machining practices are low.....
The cross-hatch pattern is the result of applying a knurling tool to the workpiece at low rpm. The technique has been around for quite a while. Here is a quick and easy demo-
Google Image Result for http://www.technologystudent.com/images2/knurl3.gif
Part of the reason for this is that the science behind the manufacturing has improved so much. Until fairly recently, engineering was empirical: you built something, and if it fell down or broke, you rebuilt it, beefing up whatever broke before. And if the second version fell down or broke, you tried again. Once you get a sense for what it takes for something to not fall down or break in a given application, you can kind of extrapolate so that if you need to build something bigger or stronger, you know about how much more you need to beef it up. The end result of a couple of centuries of this type of engineering is that things tend to be seriously overbuilt to be sure that it wouldn't break or fall down.Ironically a lot of this stuff was made far better then stuff is made today.
(Though on the other hand it may be that the only stuff we see from by gone days is the stuff that was made well and everything else just deteriorated.)
I agree, hats of to the creators and makers of past.
Part of the reason for this is that the science behind the manufacturing has improved so much. Until fairly recently, engineering was empirical: you built something, and if it fell down or broke, you rebuilt it, beefing up whatever broke before. And if the second version fell down or broke, you tried again. Once you get a sense for what it takes for something to not fall down or break in a given application, you can kind of extrapolate so that if you need to build something bigger or stronger, you know about how much more you need to beef it up. The end result of a couple of centuries of this type of engineering is that things tend to be seriously overbuilt to be sure that it wouldn't break or fall down.
Nowadays, though, we have a much more complete, nuanced understanding of structures and materials and mechanics, so we can calculate exactly what it takes to make something that won't break or fall down under expected use. So we tend not to overbuild stuff 'just to be on the safe side'. The downside of this is that things don't last as long since the reliability envelope is much closer to the expected use envelope, and fail more frequently because no process is perfect and sometimes the margin of error crosses into the expected use, but the upside is that the end product is much cheaper, especially for mass-produced products. But most importantly, modern engineering is more reliable: since we have more complete science behind it, we can more accurately predict the behavior of systems and materials in given conditions.
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