To add to seanb's list.....
Speakon is also called
Neutrik connectors--after the manufacturer, or more commonly referred to as NL2, NL4 or
NL8 (depending on the
conductor number).
Then you have EP connectors for speakers, which are like jumbo sized XLRs--except they have 4, 6 or 8 pins. So they would be EP4, EP6, and EP8.
You can also have various L5 and L6
twistlock connectors which are 2 or 3
conductor or more for
speaker feeds or
power.
There is also Bantam jacks; Weco or 'NP3' or 'TB' ; and TT style jacks--a patch bay cable
jack (each with differences tho) that are common in audio and studio use.
"Y" Cables and "Z" cables are used to split signals to different connectors or sexes of connectors in either a Y or Z fashion...
Mini, 3.5mm or 1/8 in plugs,
mono or stereo--usually for
headphones.
RCA is also called a "phono"
jack.
TRS is a balanced 1/4" (Patch cable of sorts usually)
TS is an UNbalanced 1/4inch
jack (also called an
instrument cable cause its the typical cable that goes from a guitar to an amp or DI).
There are W connectors (Whirlwind style), and Ramlatch or Amp quick-latch connectors, and
CPC or other Amp (Amphenol sometimes called) connectors which are common on large
channel snakes and multi-core stuff.
For small barrell connectors--the usual
XLR is 3 pin, then you have 4pin (scrollers and com), 5 pin(
DMX) 6pin (specialty mics) and 7 pin(foggers usually).
MIDI Cables, also called DIN cables, and FYI they can come in 3 to 8pin versions.
Banana plugs & Binding posts--usually connect to amps or carry
current.
Then you have
TOSlink or Digital Optical Audio cables which look like little phone cords.
Finally, some of the audio studio and recording stuff uses multitrack ADAT or EDAC cable connectors.
Hope that helps...
-wolf