I've never used an "LED strobe" worthy of entertainment/theatrical production before, but I'm curious how they compare with xenon, and the general opinions people have of each.
I'll be straight upfront with my initial assumption: I'm skeptical. Reason is, xenon technology seems pretty darn ideal when you consider the physics behind it. And there are a lot of "high-intensity LED" lamps out there (not necessarily strobes) that have serious longevity shortcomings.
The problems I see with both technologies:
(Don't take this the wrong way -- I'm not a pessimist; I just look for what can be improved. If inventors/engineers/innovators/scientists don't look for the shortcomings in various technologies and how to tackle them, technology would never improve!)
Xenon:
-Although lamp life could, theoretically, be infinite, lamps "wear out" from 3 factors:
-Gas diffusion (either xenon leaking out, or nitrogen & oxygen leaking in, or both?) through imperfect seals at the electrodes (or through the glass itself over thousands of years; faster if the glass develops small cracks).
-Electrodes vapourizing and depositing metal on the inside of the glass tube, darkening the tube a little.
-Electrodes vapourizing the coatings that improve electron emissivity (barium, lanthanum, etc.), resulting in lower flash energy for relatively low voltage drive circuits. (Though the strobe light I built charges up to 800V across the tube -- much larger than the typical 350 ~ 375, so this isn't really an issue on that light!)
LED:
-Although I suspect traditional LEDs in the mcd intensity range will last longer than humans do, "high intensity" LEDs do not.
-High intensity LEDs / overdriven LEDs develop small cracks in the semiconductor crystal lattice, which increases its effective resistance function.
-On a simple linear resistor-ballasted power supply, this results in decreased brightness
-On a constant-current regulated power supply, the forward-bias voltage slowly increases to compensate, causing increased power transfer into the LED for maintaining the same brightness... therefore increasing the temperature, and causing cracks to develop faster and faster, accelerating the LED's approaching end-of-life.
The peak intensity of a xenon flash tube is very high -- much higher than what any LED cluster of comparable size can continuously emit. Therefore an LED strobe must "overdrive" the LEDs, relying on the fact that the pulse is short to ensure the LEDs don't immediately self-destruct. But that raises the question of what is the specific heat capacity of the semiconductor die, and how effectively can the heat be conducted away, so even during the short pulse it does not cause significant cracking/fracturing in the lattice.
I also question: Why? What is the purpose of attempting to use LEDs for emitting a short pulse of white light? The only issue with xenon is the electrode decay... and possibly reduced heat, if that's even feasible.
Xenon's plasma emission spectrum is very close to a "daylight" colour temperature already. And while I don't have any data on its visible light efficacy (ie. "efficiency", if radiated heat and non-visible emissions are to be considered a "waste"), I don't believe it's all that bad. (It's better than mercury-vapour UV emissions striking fluorescent phosphors, ie. traditional "fluorescent lamp", and certainly better than incandescent!)
Considering that to get brilliant enough flashes out of poor little overdriven LEDs would need A LOT of thermal conduction, I'm not sure LED ends up being significantly better than xenon plasma arc, in the "efficiency" department. And when I see moderate intensity LED floor lights "burn out", I really can't see those overdriven blasted "strobe LEDs" faring much longer.
Some day I'll try to dig up the numbers and compare the quantitative facts. But for now, those are my thoughts.
What are yours?
I'll be straight upfront with my initial assumption: I'm skeptical. Reason is, xenon technology seems pretty darn ideal when you consider the physics behind it. And there are a lot of "high-intensity LED" lamps out there (not necessarily strobes) that have serious longevity shortcomings.
The problems I see with both technologies:
(Don't take this the wrong way -- I'm not a pessimist; I just look for what can be improved. If inventors/engineers/innovators/scientists don't look for the shortcomings in various technologies and how to tackle them, technology would never improve!)
Xenon:
-Although lamp life could, theoretically, be infinite, lamps "wear out" from 3 factors:
-Gas diffusion (either xenon leaking out, or nitrogen & oxygen leaking in, or both?) through imperfect seals at the electrodes (or through the glass itself over thousands of years; faster if the glass develops small cracks).
-Electrodes vapourizing and depositing metal on the inside of the glass tube, darkening the tube a little.
-Electrodes vapourizing the coatings that improve electron emissivity (barium, lanthanum, etc.), resulting in lower flash energy for relatively low voltage drive circuits. (Though the strobe light I built charges up to 800V across the tube -- much larger than the typical 350 ~ 375, so this isn't really an issue on that light!)
LED:
-Although I suspect traditional LEDs in the mcd intensity range will last longer than humans do, "high intensity" LEDs do not.
-High intensity LEDs / overdriven LEDs develop small cracks in the semiconductor crystal lattice, which increases its effective resistance function.
-On a simple linear resistor-ballasted power supply, this results in decreased brightness
-On a constant-current regulated power supply, the forward-bias voltage slowly increases to compensate, causing increased power transfer into the LED for maintaining the same brightness... therefore increasing the temperature, and causing cracks to develop faster and faster, accelerating the LED's approaching end-of-life.
The peak intensity of a xenon flash tube is very high -- much higher than what any LED cluster of comparable size can continuously emit. Therefore an LED strobe must "overdrive" the LEDs, relying on the fact that the pulse is short to ensure the LEDs don't immediately self-destruct. But that raises the question of what is the specific heat capacity of the semiconductor die, and how effectively can the heat be conducted away, so even during the short pulse it does not cause significant cracking/fracturing in the lattice.
I also question: Why? What is the purpose of attempting to use LEDs for emitting a short pulse of white light? The only issue with xenon is the electrode decay... and possibly reduced heat, if that's even feasible.
Xenon's plasma emission spectrum is very close to a "daylight" colour temperature already. And while I don't have any data on its visible light efficacy (ie. "efficiency", if radiated heat and non-visible emissions are to be considered a "waste"), I don't believe it's all that bad. (It's better than mercury-vapour UV emissions striking fluorescent phosphors, ie. traditional "fluorescent lamp", and certainly better than incandescent!)
Considering that to get brilliant enough flashes out of poor little overdriven LEDs would need A LOT of thermal conduction, I'm not sure LED ends up being significantly better than xenon plasma arc, in the "efficiency" department. And when I see moderate intensity LED floor lights "burn out", I really can't see those overdriven blasted "strobe LEDs" faring much longer.
Some day I'll try to dig up the numbers and compare the quantitative facts. But for now, those are my thoughts.
What are yours?